mirror of
https://github.com/onceupon/Bash-Oneliner.git
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Add new 'Data wrangling' section
- Move some 'Others' commands to a new 'Data wrangling' section, which contains bash one-liners for parsing data and files. - Remove some repeated commands - add detailed description for some commands
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README.md
527
README.md
@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ Here's a more stylish version of [Bash-Oneliner](http://onceupon.github.io/Bash-
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- [System](#system)
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- [Hardware](#hardware)
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- [Networking](#networking)
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- [Data Wrangling](#data-wrangling)
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- [Others](#others)
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## Terminal Tricks
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@ -2193,39 +2194,18 @@ hostnamectl set-hostname "mynode"
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```
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## Others
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## Data wrangling
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[[back to top](#handy-bash-one-liners)]
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##### Bash auto-complete (e.g. show options "now tomorrow never" when you press'tab' after typing "dothis")
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[More examples](https://iridakos.com/tutorials/2018/03/01/bash-programmable-completion-tutorial.html)
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```bash
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complete -W "now tomorrow never" dothis
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# ~$ dothis
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# never now tomorrow
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# press 'tab' again to auto-complete after typing 'n' or 't'
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```
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##### Repeat printing string n times (e.g. print 'hello world' five times)
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```bash
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printf 'hello world\n%.0s' {1..5}
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```
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##### Encode strings as Base64 strings
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```bash
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echo test|base64
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#dGVzdAo=
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```
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##### Do not echo the trailing newline
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```bash
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username=`echo -n "bashoneliner"`
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```
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##### Get parent directory of current directory
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```bash
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dirname `pwd`
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```
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##### Copy a file to multiple files (e.g copy fileA to file(B-D))
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```bash
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tee <fileA fileB fileC fileD >/dev/null
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@ -2235,7 +2215,6 @@ tee <fileA fileB fileC fileD >/dev/null
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```bash
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tr --delete '\n' <input.txt >output.txt
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```
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##### Replace newline
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```bash
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tr '\n' ' ' <filename
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@ -2320,6 +2299,234 @@ cat file.fastq | paste - - - - | sed 's/^@/>/g'| cut -f1-2 | tr '\t' '\n' >file.
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echo 12345| rev
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```
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##### Generate sequence 1-10
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```bash
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seq 10
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```
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##### Find average of input list/file of integers
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```bash
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i=`wc -l filename|cut -d ' ' -f1`; cat filename| echo "scale=2;(`paste -sd+`)/"$i|bc
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```
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##### Generate all combination (e.g. 1,2)
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```bash
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echo {1,2}{1,2}
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# 1 1, 1 2, 2 1, 2 2
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```
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##### Generate all combination (e.g. A,T,C,G)
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```bash
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set = {A,T,C,G}
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group= 5
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for ((i=0; i<$group; i++));do
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repetition=$set$repetition;done
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bash -c "echo "$repetition""
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```
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##### Read file content to variable
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```bash
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foo=$(<test1)
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```
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##### Echo size of variable
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```bash
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echo ${#foo}
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```
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##### Echo a tab
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```bash
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echo -e ' \t '
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```
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##### Split file into smaller file
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```bash
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# Split by line (e.g. 1000 lines/smallfile)
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split -d -l 1000 largefile.txt
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# Split by byte without breaking lines across files
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split -C 10 largefile.txt
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```
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##### Create a large amount of dummy files (e.g 100000 files, 10 bytes each):
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```bash
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#1. Create a big file
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dd if=/dev/zero of=bigfile bs=1 count=1000000
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#2. Split the big file to 100000 10-bytes files
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split -b 10 -a 10 bigfile
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```
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##### Rename all files (e.g. remove ABC from all .gz files)
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```bash
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rename 's/ABC//' *.gz
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```
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##### Remove file extension (e.g remove .gz from filename.gz)
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```bash
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basename filename.gz .gz
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zcat filename.gz> $(basename filename.gz .gz).unpacked
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```
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##### Add file extension to all file(e.g add .txt)
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```bash
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rename s/$/.txt/ *
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# You can use rename -n s/$/.txt/ * to check the result first, it will only print sth like this:
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# rename(a, a.txt)
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# rename(b, b.txt)
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# rename(c, c.txt)
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```
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##### Squeeze repeat patterns (e.g. /t/t --> /t)
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```bash
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tr -s "/t" < filename
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```
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##### Do not print nextline with echo
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```bash
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echo -e 'text here \c'
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```
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##### View first 50 characters of file
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```bash
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head -c 50 file
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```
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##### Cut and get last column of a file
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```bash
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cat file|rev | cut -d/ -f1 | rev
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```
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##### Add one to variable/increment/ i++ a numeric variable (e.g. $var)
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```bash
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((var++))
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# or
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var=$((var+1))
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```
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##### Cut the last column
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```bash
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cat filename|rev|cut -f1|rev
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```
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##### Cat to a file
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```bash
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cat >myfile
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let me add sth here
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exit by control + c
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^C
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```
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##### Clear the contents of a file (e.g. filename)
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```bash
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>filename
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```
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##### Append to file (e.g. hihi)
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```bash
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echo 'hihi' >>filename
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```
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##### Working with json data
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```bash
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#install the useful jq package
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#sudo apt-get install jq
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#e.g. to get all the values of the 'url' key, simply pipe the json to the following jq command(you can use .[]. to select inner json, i.e jq '.[].url')
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cat file.json | jq '.url'
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```
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##### Decimal to Binary (e.g get binary of 5)
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```bash
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D2B=({0..1}{0..1}{0..1}{0..1}{0..1}{0..1}{0..1}{0..1})
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echo -e ${D2B[5]}
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#00000101
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echo -e ${D2B[255]}
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#11111111
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```
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##### Wrap each input line to fit in specified width (e.g 4 integers per line)
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```bash
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echo "00110010101110001101" | fold -w4
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# 0011
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# 0010
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# 1011
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# 1000
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# 1101
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```
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##### Sort a file by column and keep the original order
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```bash
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sort -k3,3 -s
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```
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##### Right align a column (right align the 2nd column)
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```bash
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cat file.txt|rev|column -t|rev
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```
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##### To both view and store the output
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```bash
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echo 'hihihihi' | tee outputfile.txt
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# use '-a' with tee to append to file.
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```
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##### Show non-printing (Ctrl) characters with cat
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```bash
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cat -v filename
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```
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##### Convert tab to space
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```bash
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expand filename
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```
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##### Convert space to tab
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```bash
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unexpand filename
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```
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##### Display file in octal ( you can also use od to display hexadecimal, decimal, etc)
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```bash
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od filename
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```
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##### Reverse cat a file
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```bash
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tac filename
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```
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##### Reverse the result from `uniq -c`
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```bash
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while read a b; do yes $b |head -n $a ;done <test.txt
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```
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## Others
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[[back to top](#handy-bash-one-liners)]
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##### Bash auto-complete (e.g. show options "now tomorrow never" when you press'tab' after typing "dothis")
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[More examples](https://iridakos.com/tutorials/2018/03/01/bash-programmable-completion-tutorial.html)
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```bash
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complete -W "now tomorrow never" dothis
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# ~$ dothis
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# never now tomorrow
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# press 'tab' again to auto-complete after typing 'n' or 't'
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```
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##### Encode strings as Base64 strings
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```bash
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echo test|base64
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#dGVzdAo=
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```
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##### Get parent directory of current directory
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```bash
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dirname `pwd`
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```
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##### Read .gz file without extracting
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```bash
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@ -2372,10 +2579,6 @@ echo 'heres the content'| mail -a /path/to/attach_file.txt -s 'mail.subject' me@
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```bash
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xls2csv filename
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```
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##### Append to file (e.g. hihi)
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```bash
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echo 'hihi' >>filename
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```
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##### Make BEEP sound
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```bash
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@ -2387,9 +2590,11 @@ speaker-test -t sine -f 1000 -l1
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(speaker-test -t sine -f 1000) & pid=$!;sleep 0.1s;kill -9 $pid
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```
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##### History edit/ delete
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##### Editing your history
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```bash
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~/.bash_history
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history -w
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vi ~/.bash_history
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history -r
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#or
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history -d [line_number]
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@ -2401,37 +2606,6 @@ history -d [line_number]
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fc -l -5
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```
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##### Get last history/record filename
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```bash
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head !$
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```
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##### Clean screen
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```bash
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clear
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# or
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Ctrl+l
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```
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##### Send data to last edited file
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```bash
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cat /directory/to/file
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echo 100>!$
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```
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##### Extract .xf
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```
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unxz filename.tar.xz
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# then
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tar -xf filename.tar
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```
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##### Install python package
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```bash
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pip install packagename
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```
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##### Delete current bash command
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```bash
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Ctrl+U
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@ -2450,6 +2624,17 @@ Alt+Shift+#
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# just add a "#" before~~
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```
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##### Get last history/record filename
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```bash
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head !$
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```
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##### Clean screen
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```bash
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clear
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# or simply Ctrl+l
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```
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##### Sleep awhile or wait for a moment or schedule a job
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```bash
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sleep 5;echo hi
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@ -2483,11 +2668,6 @@ cd tmp/ && tar xvf ~/a.tar
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cd tmp/a/b/c ||mkdir -p tmp/a/b/c
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```
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##### Extract to a path
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```bash
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tar xvf -C /path/to/directory filename.gz
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```
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##### Use backslash "\" to break long command
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```bash
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cd tmp/a/b/c \
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@ -2495,19 +2675,13 @@ cd tmp/a/b/c \
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>mkdir -p tmp/a/b/c
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```
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##### Get pwd
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```bash
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VAR=$PWD; cd ~; tar xvf -C $VAR file.tar
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# PWD need to be capital letter
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```
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##### List file type of file (e.g. /tmp/)
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```bash
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file /tmp/
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# tmp/: directory
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```
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##### Bash script
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##### Writing Bash script ('#!'' is called shebang )
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```bash
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#!/bin/bash
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file=${1#*.}
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@ -2527,46 +2701,6 @@ read input
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echo $input
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```
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##### Generate sequence 1-10
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```bash
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seq 10
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```
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##### Find average of input list/file
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```bash
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i=`wc -l filename|cut -d ' ' -f1`; cat filename| echo "scale=2;(`paste -sd+`)/"$i|bc
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```
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##### Generate all combination (e.g. 1,2)
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```bash
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echo {1,2}{1,2}
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# 1 1, 1 2, 2 1, 2 2
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```
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##### Generate all combination (e.g. A,T,C,G)
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```bash
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set = {A,T,C,G}
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group= 5
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for ((i=0; i<$group; i++));do
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repetition=$set$repetition;done
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bash -c "echo "$repetition""
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```
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##### Read file content to variable
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```bash
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foo=$(<test1)
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```
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##### Echo size of variable
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```bash
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echo ${#foo}
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```
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##### Echo tab
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```bash
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echo -e ' \t '
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```
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##### Array
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```bash
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declare -a array=()
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@ -2583,36 +2717,6 @@ declare -A array=()
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scp -r directoryname user@ip:/path/to/send
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```
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##### Split file into smaller file
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```bash
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# Split by line (e.g. 1000 lines/smallfile)
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split -d -l 1000 largefile.txt
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|
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# Split by byte without breaking lines across files
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split -C 10 largefile.txt
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```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Create a large amount of dummy files (e.g 100000 files, 10 bytes each):
|
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```bash
|
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#1. Create a big file
|
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dd if=/dev/zero of=bigfile bs=1 count=1000000
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|
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#2. Split the big file to 100000 10-bytes files
|
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split -b 10 -a 10 bigfile
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```
|
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|
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##### Rename all files (e.g. remove ABC from all .gz files)
|
||||
```bash
|
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rename 's/ABC//' *.gz
|
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```
|
||||
|
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##### Remove file extension (e.g remove .gz from filename.gz)
|
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```bash
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basename filename.gz .gz
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zcat filename.gz> $(basename filename.gz .gz).unpacked
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```
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##### Fork bomb
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```bash
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# Don't try this at home!
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@ -2621,25 +2725,6 @@ zcat filename.gz> $(basename filename.gz .gz).unpacked
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# :(){:|:&};:
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```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Add file extension to all file(e.g add .txt)
|
||||
```bash
|
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rename s/$/.txt/ *
|
||||
# You can use rename -n s/$/.txt/ * to check the result first, it will only print sth like this:
|
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# rename(a, a.txt)
|
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# rename(b, b.txt)
|
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# rename(c, c.txt)
|
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```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Use the squeeze repeat option (e.g. /t/t --> /t)
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
tr -s "/t" < filename
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Do not print nextline with echo
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
echo -e 'text here \c'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Use the last argument
|
||||
```bash
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||||
!$
|
||||
@ -2649,27 +2734,12 @@ echo -e 'text here \c'
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
echo $?
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||||
```
|
||||
##### View first 50 characters of file
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
head -c 50 file
|
||||
|
||||
##### Extract .xf
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Cut and get last column
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
cat file|rev | cut -d/ -f1 | rev
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Add one to variable/increment/ i++ a numeric variable (e.g. $var)
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
((var++))
|
||||
# or
|
||||
var=$((var+1))
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Clear the contents of a file (e.g. filename)
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
>filename
|
||||
unxz filename.tar.xz
|
||||
# then
|
||||
tar -xf filename.tar
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Unzip tar.bz2 file (e.g. file.tar.bz2)
|
||||
@ -2682,6 +2752,10 @@ tar xvfj file.tar.bz2
|
||||
unxz file.tar.xz
|
||||
tar xopf file.tar
|
||||
```
|
||||
##### Extract to a path
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
tar xvf -C /path/to/directory filename.gz
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Output a y/n repeatedly until killed
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
@ -2711,14 +2785,6 @@ dd if=/dev/zero of=//dev/shm/200m bs=1M count=200
|
||||
# 209715200 bytes (210 MB) copied, 0.0955679 s, 2.2 GB/s
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Cat to a file
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
cat >myfile
|
||||
let me add sth here
|
||||
exit by control + c
|
||||
^C
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Keep /repeatedly executing the same command (e.g Repeat 'wc -l filename' every 1 second)
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
watch -n 1 wc -l filename
|
||||
@ -2839,11 +2905,6 @@ Ctrl-b then \[ then you can use your normal navigation keys to scroll around.
|
||||
Press q to quit scroll mode.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Cut the last column
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
cat filename|rev|cut -f1|rev
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Pass password to ssh
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
sshpass -p mypassword ssh root@10.102.14.88 "df -h"
|
||||
@ -2910,84 +2971,6 @@ type pip
|
||||
pip install -r requirements.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Working with json data
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
#install the useful jq package
|
||||
#sudo apt-get install jq
|
||||
#e.g. to get all the values of the 'url' key, simply pipe the json to the following jq command(you can use .[]. to select inner json, i.e jq '.[].url')
|
||||
jq '.url'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Editing your history
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
history -w
|
||||
vi ~/.bash_history
|
||||
history -r
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Decimal to Binary (e.g get binary of 5)
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
D2B=({0..1}{0..1}{0..1}{0..1}{0..1}{0..1}{0..1}{0..1})
|
||||
echo -e ${D2B[5]}
|
||||
#00000101
|
||||
echo -e ${D2B[255]}
|
||||
#11111111
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Wrap each input line to fit in specified width (e.g 4 integers per line)
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
echo "00110010101110001101" | fold -w4
|
||||
# 0011
|
||||
# 0010
|
||||
# 1011
|
||||
# 1000
|
||||
# 1101
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Sort a file by column and keep the original order
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
sort -k3,3 -s
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Right align a column (right align the 2nd column)
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
cat file.txt|rev|column -t|rev
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### To both view and store the output
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
echo 'hihihihi' | tee outputfile.txt
|
||||
# use '-a' with tee to append to file.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Show non-printing (Ctrl) characters with cat
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
cat -v filename
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Convert tab to space
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
expand filename
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Convert space to tab
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
unexpand filename
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Display file in octal ( you can also use od to display hexadecimal, decimal, etc)
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
od filename
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Reverse cat a file
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
tac filename
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Reverse the result from `uniq -c`
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
while read a b; do yes $b |head -n $a ;done <test.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> More coming!!
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user