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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# Bash-Oneliner # Bash-Oneliner
I am glad that you are here! I was working on bioinformatics a few years ago and was amazed by those single-word bash commands which are much faster than my dull scripts, time saved through learning command-line shortcuts and scripting. Recent years I am working on cloud computing and I keep recording those useful commands here. Not all of them is oneliner, but i put effort on making them brief and swift. I am mainly using Ubuntu, Amazon Linux, RedHat, Linux Mint, Mac and CentOS, sorry if the commands don't work on your system. I am glad that you are here! I was working on bioinformatics a few years ago and was amazed by those single-word bash commands which are much faster than my dull scripts, time saved through learning command-line shortcuts and scripting. Recent years I am working on cloud computing and I keep recording those useful commands here. Not all of them is oneliner, but i put effort on making them brief and swift. I am mainly using Ubuntu, Amazon Linux, RedHat, Linux Mint, Mac and CentOS, sorry if the commands don't work on your system.
This blog will focus on simple bash commands for parsing data and Linux system maintenance that i acquired from work and LPIC exam. I apologize that there are no detailed citation for all the commands, but they are probably from dear Google and Stack Overflow. This blog will focus on simple bash commands for parsing data and Linux system maintenance that i acquired from work and LPIC exam. I apologize that there are no detailed citation for all the commands, but they are probably from dear search engine and Stack Overflow.
English and bash are not my first language, please correct me anytime, thank you. English and bash are not my first language, please correct me anytime, thank you.
If you know other cool commands, please teach me! If you know other cool commands, please teach me!
@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ Ctrl + x + Ctrl + e : launch editor defined by $EDITOR to input your command. Us
Ctrl + z : stop current running process and keep it in background. You can use `fg` to continue the process in the foreground, or `bg` to continue the process in the background. Ctrl + z : stop current running process and keep it in background. You can use `fg` to continue the process in the foreground, or `bg` to continue the process in the background.
Ctrl + _ : undo typing. Ctrl + _ : undo typing.
``` ```
##### Change case ##### Change case
```bash ```bash
Esc + u Esc + u
@ -85,7 +86,6 @@ sudo !!
^aaa^bbb^:& ^aaa^bbb^:&
#or #or
!!:gs/aaa/bbb/ !!:gs/aaa/bbb/
``` ```
##### Run past command that began with (e.g. cat filename) ##### Run past command that began with (e.g. cat filename)
@ -176,12 +176,14 @@ echo "'$foo'"
echo ''$foo'' echo ''$foo''
# bar # bar
``` ```
##### Get the length of variable ##### Get the length of variable
```bash ```bash
var="some string" var="some string"
echo ${#var} echo ${#var}
# 11 # 11
``` ```
##### Get the first character of the variable ##### Get the first character of the variable
```bash ```bash
var=string var=string
@ -286,15 +288,16 @@ expr 30 \> 20 #1 (true)
```bash ```bash
# Number of decimal digit/ significant figure # Number of decimal digit/ significant figure
echo "scale=2;2/3" | bc echo "scale=2;2/3" | bc
#.66
$ .66
# Exponent operator # Exponent operator
echo "10^2" | bc echo "10^2" | bc
#100 $ 100
# Using variables # Using variables
echo "var=5;--var"| bc echo "var=5;--var"| bc
#4 $ 4
``` ```
@ -318,14 +321,17 @@ grep -c "^$"
##### Grep and return only integer ##### Grep and return only integer
```bash ```bash
grep -o '[0-9]*' grep -o '[0-9]*'
#or #or
grep -oP '\d*' grep -oP '\d*'
``` ```
##### Grep integer with certain number of digits (e.g. 3) ##### Grep integer with certain number of digits (e.g. 3)
```bash ```bash
grep '[0-9]\{3\}' grep '[0-9]\{3\}'
# or # or
grep -E '[0-9]{3}' grep -E '[0-9]{3}'
# or # or
grep -P '\d{3}' grep -P '\d{3}'
``` ```
@ -333,6 +339,7 @@ grep -P '\d{3}'
##### Grep only IP address ##### Grep only IP address
```bash ```bash
grep -Eo '[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}' grep -Eo '[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}'
# or # or
grep -Po '\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}' grep -Po '\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}'
``` ```
@ -344,6 +351,7 @@ grep -w 'target'
#or using RE #or using RE
grep '\btarget\b' grep '\btarget\b'
``` ```
##### Grep returning lines before and after match (e.g. 'bbo') ##### Grep returning lines before and after match (e.g. 'bbo')
```bash ```bash
# return also 3 lines after match # return also 3 lines after match
@ -976,7 +984,7 @@ cat grep_list |xargs -I{} grep {} filename
##### Xargs and sed (replace all old ip address with new ip address under /etc directory) ##### Xargs and sed (replace all old ip address with new ip address under /etc directory)
```bash ```bash
grep -rl '192.168.1.111' /etc | xargs sed -i 's/192.168.1.111/192.168.2.111/g' grep -rl '192.0.2.1' /etc | xargs sed -i 's/192.0.2.1/192.0.2.2/g'
``` ```
@ -1249,7 +1257,7 @@ emacs -nw --eval '(org-mode)' --insert <(curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/
##### Download all from a page ##### Download all from a page
```bash ```bash
wget -r -l1 -H -t1 -nd -N -np -A mp3 -e robots=off http://example.com wget -r -l1 -H -t1 -nd -N -np -A mp3 -e robots=off http://example.net
# -r: recursive and download all links on page # -r: recursive and download all links on page
# -l1: only one level link # -l1: only one level link
@ -1259,7 +1267,7 @@ wget -r -l1 -H -t1 -nd -N -np -A mp3 -e robots=off http://example.com
# -N: turn on timestamp # -N: turn on timestamp
# -nd: no parent # -nd: no parent
# -A: type (separate by ,) # -A: type (separate by ,)
# -e robots=off: ignore the robots.txt file which stop wget from crashing the site, sorry example.com # -e robots=off: ignore the robots.txt file which stop wget from crashing the site, sorry example.net
``` ```
##### Upload a file to web and download (https://transfer.sh/) ##### Upload a file to web and download (https://transfer.sh/)
@ -1275,7 +1283,7 @@ curl https://transfer.sh/tG8rM/filename.txt -o filename.txt
##### Download file if necessary ##### Download file if necessary
```bash ```bash
data=file.txt data=file.txt
url=http://www.example.com/$data url=http://www.example.net/$data
if [ ! -s $data ];then if [ ! -s $data ];then
echo "downloading test data..." echo "downloading test data..."
wget $url wget $url
@ -1284,17 +1292,17 @@ fi
##### Wget to a filename (when a long name) ##### Wget to a filename (when a long name)
```bash ```bash
wget -O filename "http://example.com" wget -O filename "http://example.net"
``` ```
##### Wget files to a folder ##### Wget files to a folder
```bash ```bash
wget -P /path/to/directory "http://example.com" wget -P /path/to/directory "http://example.net"
``` ```
##### Instruct curl to follow any redirect until it reaches the final destination: ##### Instruct curl to follow any redirect until it reaches the final destination:
```bash ```bash
curl -L google.com curl -L example.net
``` ```
## Random ## Random
@ -1387,11 +1395,11 @@ xcowsay
3. evince filename.pdf 3. evince filename.pdf
``` ```
##### Use google-chrome browser from ssh server ##### Use google-chrome browser from ssh server (Spyware, so don't)
```bash ```bash
1. ssh -X user_name@ip_address 1. ssh -X user_name@ip_address
2. apt-get install libxss1 libappindicator1 libindicator7 2. apt-get install libxss1 libappindicator1 libindicator7
3. wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb 3. wget https://dl.example.net/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
4. sudo apt-get install -f 4. sudo apt-get install -f
5. dpkg -i google-chrome*.deb 5. dpkg -i google-chrome*.deb
6. google-chrome 6. google-chrome
@ -1649,7 +1657,7 @@ uname -i
##### Surf the net ##### Surf the net
```bash ```bash
links www.google.com links www.example.net
``` ```
##### Add user, set passwd ##### Add user, set passwd
@ -2444,38 +2452,38 @@ ipmitool -I bmc lan set 1 defgw ipaddr 192.168.0.1
##### Resolve a domain to IP address(es) ##### Resolve a domain to IP address(es)
```bash ```bash
dig +short www.example.com dig +short www.example.net
# or # or
host www.example.com host www.example.net
``` ```
##### Get DNS TXT record a of domain ##### Get DNS TXT record a of domain
```bash ```bash
dig -t txt www.example.com dig -t txt www.example.net
# or # or
host -t txt www.example.com host -t txt www.example.net
``` ```
##### Send a ping with a limited TTL to 10 (TTL: Time-To-Live, which is the maximum number of hops that a packet can travel across the Internet before it gets discarded.) ##### Send a ping with a limited TTL to 10 (TTL: Time-To-Live, which is the maximum number of hops that a packet can travel across the Internet before it gets discarded.)
```bash ```bash
ping 8.8.8.8 -t 10 ping 192.0.2.1 -t 10
``` ```
##### Print the route packets trace to network host ##### Print the route packets trace to network host
```bash ```bash
traceroute google.com traceroute example.net
``` ```
##### Check connection to host (e.g. check connection to port 80 and 22 of google.com) ##### Check connection to host (e.g. check connection to port 80 and 22 of example.net)
```bash ```bash
nc -vw5 google.com 80 nc -vw5 example.net 80
# Connection to google.com 80 port [tcp/http] succeeded! # Connection to example.net 80 port [tcp/http] succeeded!
nc -vw5 google.com 22 nc -vw5 example.net 22
# nc: connect to google.com port 22 (tcp) timed out: Operation now in progress # nc: connect to example.net port 22 (tcp) timed out: Operation now in progress
# nc: connect to google.com port 22 (tcp) failed: Network is unreachable # nc: connect to example.net port 22 (tcp) failed: Network is unreachable
``` ```
##### Nc as a chat tool! ##### Nc as a chat tool!
@ -2499,13 +2507,13 @@ nmap -p0-65535 localhost
##### Check if a host is up and scan for open ports, also skip host discovery. ##### Check if a host is up and scan for open ports, also skip host discovery.
```bash ```bash
#skips checking if the host is alive which may sometimes cause a false positive and stop the scan. #skips checking if the host is alive which may sometimes cause a false positive and stop the scan.
$ nmap google.com -Pn $ nmap example.net -Pn
# Example output: # Example output:
# Starting Nmap 7.01 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-07-18 22:59 CST # Starting Nmap 7.01 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-07-18 22:59 CST
# Nmap scan report for google.com (172.217.24.14) # Nmap scan report for example.net (172.217.24.14)
# Host is up (0.013s latency). # Host is up (0.013s latency).
# Other addresses for google.com (not scanned): 2404:6800:4008:802::200e # Other addresses for example.net (not scanned): 2404:6800:4008:802::200e
# rDNS record for 172.217.24.14: tsa01s07-in-f14.1e100.net # rDNS record for 172.217.24.14: tsa01s07-in-f14.1e100.net
# Not shown: 998 filtered ports # Not shown: 998 filtered ports
# PORT STATE SERVICE # PORT STATE SERVICE
@ -2522,12 +2530,12 @@ $ nmap -A -T4 scanme.nmap.org
##### Look up website information (e.g. name server), searches for an object in a RFC 3912 database. ##### Look up website information (e.g. name server), searches for an object in a RFC 3912 database.
```bash ```bash
whois google.com whois example.net
``` ```
##### Show the SSL certificate of a domain ##### Show the SSL certificate of a domain
```bash ```bash
openssl s_client -showcerts -connect www.example.com:443 openssl s_client -showcerts -connect www.example.net:443
``` ```
##### Display IP address ##### Display IP address
@ -2577,7 +2585,7 @@ hostnamectl set-hostname "mynode"
##### Find out the web server (e.g Nginx or Apache) of a website ##### Find out the web server (e.g Nginx or Apache) of a website
```bash ```bash
curl -I http://example.com/ curl -I http://example.net/
# HTTP/1.1 200 OK # HTTP/1.1 200 OK
# Server: nginx # Server: nginx
# Date: Thu, 02 Jan 2020 07:01:07 GMT # Date: Thu, 02 Jan 2020 07:01:07 GMT
@ -2593,7 +2601,7 @@ curl -I http://example.com/
##### Find out the http status code of a URL ##### Find out the http status code of a URL
```bash ```bash
curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" https://www.google.com curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" https://www.example.net
``` ```
##### Unshorten a shortended URL ##### Unshorten a shortended URL