mirror of
https://github.com/onceupon/Bash-Oneliner.git
synced 2024-11-26 06:17:01 +00:00
Update README.md
This commit is contained in:
onceupon
GitHub
parent
eabb703591
commit
6467e51dde
461
README.md
461
README.md
@ -7,3 +7,464 @@ English and bash are not my first language, so... correct me anytime, sorry
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
In case you would like to check up and like my stupid questions on Stackoverflow, here's my page:
|
In case you would like to check up and like my stupid questions on Stackoverflow, here's my page:
|
||||||
http://stackoverflow.com/users/4290753/once
|
http://stackoverflow.com/users/4290753/once
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Handy Bash 'oneliner' commands for tsv file editing
|
||||||
|
Symbol for search:
|
||||||
|
>> section
|
||||||
|
>function
|
||||||
|
$bash code
|
||||||
|
//comment
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>> Grep
|
||||||
|
> extract text bewteen words (e.g. w1,w2)
|
||||||
|
$ grep -o -P '(?<=w1).*(?=w2)'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>grep lines without word (e.g. bbo)
|
||||||
|
$ grep -v bbo
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>grep and count (e.g. bbo)
|
||||||
|
$grep -c bbo filename
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>insensitive grep (e.g. bbo/BBO/Bbo)
|
||||||
|
$grep -i "bbo" filename
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>count occurrence (e.g. three times a line count three times)
|
||||||
|
$grep -o bbo filename
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>COLOR the match (e.g. bbo)!
|
||||||
|
$grep --color bbo filename
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>grep search all files in a directory(e.g. bbo)
|
||||||
|
$grep -R bbo /path/to/directory or
|
||||||
|
$grep -r bbo /path/to/directory
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>search all files in directory, only output file names with matches(e.g. bbo)
|
||||||
|
$grep -Rh bbo /path/to/directory or
|
||||||
|
$grep -rh bbo /path/to/directory
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>grep OR (e.g. A or B or C or D)
|
||||||
|
$grep 'A\|B\|C\|D'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>grep AND (e.g. A and B)
|
||||||
|
$grep 'A.*B'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>grep all content of a fileA from fileB
|
||||||
|
$grep -f fileA fileB
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>grep a tab
|
||||||
|
$grep $'\t'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>>Sed
|
||||||
|
>remove lines with word (e.g. bbo)
|
||||||
|
$sed "/bbo/d" filename
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>edit infile (edit and save)
|
||||||
|
$sed -i "/bbo/d" filename
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>when using variable (e.g. $i), use double quotes " "
|
||||||
|
e.g. add >$i to the first line (to make a FASTA file)
|
||||||
|
$sed "1i >$i"
|
||||||
|
//notice the double quotes! in other examples, you can use a single quote, but here, no way!
|
||||||
|
//'1i' means insert to first line
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>delete empty lines
|
||||||
|
$sed '/^\s*$/d' or
|
||||||
|
$sed 's/^$/d'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>delete last line
|
||||||
|
$sed '$d'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>add \n every nth character (e.g. every 4th character)
|
||||||
|
$sed 's/.\{4\}/&\n/g'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>substitution (e.g. replace A by B)
|
||||||
|
$sed 's/A/B/g' filename
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>select lines start with string (e.g. bbo)
|
||||||
|
$sed -n '/^@S/p'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>delete lines with string (e.g. bbo)
|
||||||
|
$sed '/bbo/d' filename
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>print every nth lines
|
||||||
|
$sed -n '0~3p' filename
|
||||||
|
//catch 0: start; 3: step
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>print every odd # lines
|
||||||
|
$sed -n '1~2p'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>print every third line including the first line
|
||||||
|
$sed -n '1p;0~3p'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>remove leading whitespace and tabs
|
||||||
|
$sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//'
|
||||||
|
//notice a whitespace before '\t'!!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>remove only leading whitespace
|
||||||
|
$sed 's/ *//'
|
||||||
|
//notice a whitespace before '*'!!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>remove ending commas
|
||||||
|
$sed 's/,$//g'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>add a column to the end
|
||||||
|
$sed "s/$/\t$i/"
|
||||||
|
//$i is the valuable you want to add
|
||||||
|
e.g. add the filename to every last column of the file
|
||||||
|
$for i in $(ls);do sed -i "s/$/\t$i/" $i;done
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>remove newline\ nextline
|
||||||
|
$sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n//g'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>>Awk
|
||||||
|
>set tab as field separator
|
||||||
|
$awk -F $'\t'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>output as tab separated (also as field separator)
|
||||||
|
$awk -v OFS='\t'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>pass variable
|
||||||
|
a=bbo;b=obb;
|
||||||
|
awk -v a="$a" -v b="$b" "$1==a && $10=b' filename
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>print number of characters on each line
|
||||||
|
$awk '{print length ($0);}' filename
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>find number of columns
|
||||||
|
$awk '{print NF}'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>reverse column order
|
||||||
|
$awk '{print $2, $1}'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>check if there is a comma in a column (e.g. column $1)
|
||||||
|
$awk '$1~/,/ {print}'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>split and do for loop
|
||||||
|
$awk '{split($2, a,",");for (i in a) print $1"\t"a[i]} filename
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>print all lines before nth occurence of a string (e.g stop print lines when bbo appears 7 times)
|
||||||
|
$awk -v N=7 '{print}/bbo/&& --N<=0 {exit}'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>add string to the beginning of a column (e.g add "chr" to column $3)
|
||||||
|
$awk 'BEGIN{OFS="\t"}$3="chr"$3'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>remove lines with string (e.g. bbo)
|
||||||
|
$awk '!/bbo/' file
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>column subtraction
|
||||||
|
$cat file| awk -F '\t' 'BEGIN {SUM=0}{SUM+=$3-$2}END{print SUM}'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>usage and meaning of NR and FNR
|
||||||
|
e.g.
|
||||||
|
fileA:
|
||||||
|
a
|
||||||
|
b
|
||||||
|
c
|
||||||
|
fileB:
|
||||||
|
d
|
||||||
|
e
|
||||||
|
$awk 'print FILENAME, NR,FNR,$0}' fileA fileB fileA 1 1 a
|
||||||
|
fileA 2 2 b
|
||||||
|
fileA 3 3 c
|
||||||
|
fileB 4 1 d
|
||||||
|
fileB 5 2 e
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>and gate
|
||||||
|
e.g.
|
||||||
|
fileA:
|
||||||
|
1 0
|
||||||
|
2 1
|
||||||
|
3 1
|
||||||
|
4 0
|
||||||
|
fileB:
|
||||||
|
1 0
|
||||||
|
2 1
|
||||||
|
3 0
|
||||||
|
4 1
|
||||||
|
$awk -v OFS='\t' 'NR=FNR{a[$1]=$2;next} NF {print $1,((a[$1]=$2)? $2:"0")}' fileA fileB 1 0
|
||||||
|
2 1
|
||||||
|
3 0
|
||||||
|
4 0
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>round all numbers of file (e.g. 2 significant figure)
|
||||||
|
$awk '{while (match($0, /[0-9]+\[0-9]+/)){
|
||||||
|
\printf "%s%.2f", substr($0,0,RSTART-1),substr($0,RSTART,RLENGTH)
|
||||||
|
\$0=substr($0, RSTART+RLENGTH)
|
||||||
|
\}
|
||||||
|
\print
|
||||||
|
\}'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>give number/index to every row
|
||||||
|
$awk '{printf("%s\t%s\n",NR,$0)}'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>>Xargs
|
||||||
|
>set tab as delimiter (default:space)
|
||||||
|
$xargs -d\t
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>display 3 items per line
|
||||||
|
$echo 1 2 3 4 5 6| xargs -n 3
|
||||||
|
//1 2 3
|
||||||
|
4 5 6
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>prompt before execution
|
||||||
|
$echo a b c |xargs -p -n 3
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>print command along with output
|
||||||
|
$xargs -t abcd
|
||||||
|
///bin/echo abcd
|
||||||
|
//abcd
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>with find and rm
|
||||||
|
$find . -name "*.html"|xargs rm -rf
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>delete fiels with whitespace in filename (e.g. "hello 2001")
|
||||||
|
$find . -name "*.c" -print0|xargs -0 rm -rf
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>show limits
|
||||||
|
$xargs --show-limits
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>move files to folder
|
||||||
|
$find . -name "*.bak" -print 0|xargs -0 -I {} mv {} ~/old
|
||||||
|
or
|
||||||
|
$find . -name "*.bak" -print 0|xargs -0 -I file mv file ~/old
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>move first 100th files to a directory (e.g. d1)
|
||||||
|
$ls |head -100|xargs -I {} mv {} d1
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>parallel
|
||||||
|
$time echo {1..5} |xargs -n 1 -P 5 sleepa lot faster than
|
||||||
|
$time echo {1..5} |xargs -n1 sleep
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>copy all files from A to B
|
||||||
|
$find /dir/to/A -type f -name "*.py" -print 0| xargs -0 -r -I file cp -v -p file --target-directory=/path/to/B
|
||||||
|
//v: verbose|
|
||||||
|
//p: keep detail (e.g. owner)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>with sed
|
||||||
|
$ls |xargs -n1 -I file sed -i '/^Pos/d' filename
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>add the file name to the first line of file
|
||||||
|
$ls |sed 's/.txt//g'|xargs -n1 -I file sed -i -e '1 i\>file\' file.txt
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>count all files
|
||||||
|
$ls |xargs -n1 wc -l
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>to filter txt to a single line
|
||||||
|
$ls -l| xargs
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>count files within directories
|
||||||
|
$echo mso{1..8}|xargs -n1 bash -c 'echo -n "$1:"; ls -la "$1"| grep -w 74 |wc -l' --
|
||||||
|
// "--" signals the end of options and display further option processing
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>download dependencies files and install (e.g. requirements.txt)
|
||||||
|
$cat requirements.txt| xargs -n1 sudo pip install
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>count lines in all file, also count total lines
|
||||||
|
$ls|xargs wc -l
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>>Find
|
||||||
|
>list all sub directory/file in the current directory
|
||||||
|
$find .
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>list all files under the current directory
|
||||||
|
$find . -type f
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>list all directories under the current directory
|
||||||
|
$find . -type d
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>edit all files under current directory (e.g. replace 'www' with 'ww')
|
||||||
|
$find . name '*.php' -exec sed -i 's/www/w/g' {} \;
|
||||||
|
>if no subdirectory
|
||||||
|
$replace "www" "w" -- *
|
||||||
|
//a space before *
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>find and output only filename (e.g. "mso")
|
||||||
|
$find mso*/ -name M* -printf "%f\n"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>find and delete file with size less than (e.g. 74 byte)
|
||||||
|
$find . -name "*.mso" -size -74c -delete
|
||||||
|
//M for MB, etc
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>>Others
|
||||||
|
>remove newline / nextline
|
||||||
|
$tr --delete '\n' <input.txt >output.txt
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>replace newline
|
||||||
|
$ tr '\n' ' ' <filename
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>compare files (e.g. fileA, fileB)
|
||||||
|
$diff fileA fileB
|
||||||
|
//a: added; d:delete; c:changed
|
||||||
|
or
|
||||||
|
$sdiff fileA fileB
|
||||||
|
//side-to-side merge of file differences
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>number a file (e.g. fileA)
|
||||||
|
$nl fileA
|
||||||
|
or
|
||||||
|
$nl -nrz fileA
|
||||||
|
//add leading zeros
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>combine/ paste two files (e.g. fileA, fileB)
|
||||||
|
$paste fileA fileB
|
||||||
|
//default tab seperated
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>reverse string
|
||||||
|
$echo 12345| rev
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>read .gz file without extracting
|
||||||
|
$zmore filename
|
||||||
|
or
|
||||||
|
$zless filename
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>run in background, output error file
|
||||||
|
$(command here) 2>log &
|
||||||
|
or
|
||||||
|
$(command here) 2>&1| tee logfile
|
||||||
|
or
|
||||||
|
$(command here) 2>&1 >>outfile
|
||||||
|
//0: standard input; 1: standard output; 2: standard error
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>send mail
|
||||||
|
$echo 'heres the content'| mail -A 'file.txt' -s 'mail.subject' me@gmail.com
|
||||||
|
//use -a flag to set send from (-a "From: some@mail.tld")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>.xls to csv
|
||||||
|
$xls2csv filename
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>append to file (e.g. hihi)
|
||||||
|
$echo 'hihi' >>filename
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>make BEEP found
|
||||||
|
$speaker-test -t sine -f 1000 -l1
|
||||||
|
>set beep duration
|
||||||
|
$(speaker-test -t sine -f 1000) & pid=$!;sleep 0.1s;kill -9 $pid
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>history edit/ delete
|
||||||
|
$~/.bash_history
|
||||||
|
or
|
||||||
|
$history -d [line_number]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>get last history/record filename
|
||||||
|
$head !$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>clean screen
|
||||||
|
$clear
|
||||||
|
or
|
||||||
|
$Ctrl+l
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>send data to last edited file
|
||||||
|
$cat /directory/to/file
|
||||||
|
$echo 100>!$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>run history number (e.g. 53)
|
||||||
|
$!53
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>run last command
|
||||||
|
$!!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>run last command that began with (e.g. cat filename)
|
||||||
|
$!cat
|
||||||
|
or
|
||||||
|
$!c
|
||||||
|
//run cat filename again
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>extract .xf
|
||||||
|
1. $unxz filename.tar.xz
|
||||||
|
2. $tar -xf filename.tar
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>install python package
|
||||||
|
$pip install packagename
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>random order (lucky draw)
|
||||||
|
$for i in a b c d e; do echo $i; done| shuf
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>echo a random number
|
||||||
|
$echo $RANDOM
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>Download file if necessary
|
||||||
|
$data=file.txt
|
||||||
|
url=http://www.example.com/$data
|
||||||
|
if [! -s $data];then
|
||||||
|
echo "downloading test data..."
|
||||||
|
wget $url
|
||||||
|
fi
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>wget to a filename (when a long name)
|
||||||
|
$wget -O filename "http://example.com"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>wget files to a folder
|
||||||
|
$wget -P /path/to/directory "http://example.com"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>delete current bash command
|
||||||
|
$Ctrl+U
|
||||||
|
or
|
||||||
|
$Ctrl+C
|
||||||
|
or
|
||||||
|
$Alt+Shift+#
|
||||||
|
//to make it to history
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>add things to history (e.g. "addmetohistory")
|
||||||
|
$#addmetodistory
|
||||||
|
//just add a "#" before~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>sleep awhile or wait for a moment or schedule a job
|
||||||
|
$sleep 5;echo hi
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>count the time for executing a command
|
||||||
|
$time echo hi
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>backup with rsync
|
||||||
|
$rsync -av filename filename.bak
|
||||||
|
$rsync -av directory directory.bak
|
||||||
|
$rsync -av --ignore_existing directory/ directory.bak
|
||||||
|
$rsync -av --update directory directory.bak
|
||||||
|
//skip files that are newer on receiver (i prefer this one!)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>make all directories at one time!
|
||||||
|
$mkdir -p project/{lib/ext,bin,src,doc/{html,info,pdf},demo/stat}
|
||||||
|
//-p: make parent directory
|
||||||
|
//this will create project/doc/html/; project/doc/info; project/lib/ext ,etc
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>run command only if another command returns zero exit status (well done)
|
||||||
|
$cd tmp/ && tar xvf ~/a.tar
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>run command only if another command returns non-zero exit status (not finish)
|
||||||
|
$cd tmp/a/b/c ||mkdir -p tmp/a/b/c
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>extract to a path
|
||||||
|
$tar xvf -C /path/to/directory filename.gz
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>use backslash "\" to break long command
|
||||||
|
$cd tmp/a/b/c \
|
||||||
|
> || \
|
||||||
|
>mkdir -p tmp/a/b/c
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>get pwd
|
||||||
|
$VAR=$PWD; cd ~; tar xvf -C $VAR file.tar
|
||||||
|
//PWD need to be capital letter
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>list file type of file (e.g. /tmp/)
|
||||||
|
$file /tmp/
|
||||||
|
//tmp/: directory
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
>bash script
|
||||||
|
#!/bin/bash
|
||||||
|
file=${1#*.}
|
||||||
|
//remove string before a "."
|
||||||
|
file=${1%.*}
|
||||||
|
//remove string after a "."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
=-=-=-=-=-A lot more coming!! =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=waitwait-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
|
||||||
|
|||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user