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@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ Ctrl + x + Ctrl + e : launch editor defined by $EDITOR to input your command. Us
Ctrl + z : stop current running process and keep it in background. You can use `fg` to continue the process in the foreground, or `bg` to continue the process in the background. Ctrl + z : stop current running process and keep it in background. You can use `fg` to continue the process in the foreground, or `bg` to continue the process in the background.
Ctrl + _ : undo typing. Ctrl + _ : undo typing.
``` ```
##### Change case ##### Change case
```bash ```bash
Esc + u Esc + u
@ -85,7 +86,6 @@ sudo !!
^aaa^bbb^:& ^aaa^bbb^:&
#or #or
!!:gs/aaa/bbb/ !!:gs/aaa/bbb/
``` ```
##### Run past command that began with (e.g. cat filename) ##### Run past command that began with (e.g. cat filename)
@ -176,12 +176,14 @@ echo "'$foo'"
echo ''$foo'' echo ''$foo''
# bar # bar
``` ```
##### Get the length of variable ##### Get the length of variable
```bash ```bash
var="some string" var="some string"
echo ${#var} echo ${#var}
# 11 # 11
``` ```
##### Get the first character of the variable ##### Get the first character of the variable
```bash ```bash
var=string var=string
@ -286,15 +288,16 @@ expr 30 \> 20 #1 (true)
```bash ```bash
# Number of decimal digit/ significant figure # Number of decimal digit/ significant figure
echo "scale=2;2/3" | bc echo "scale=2;2/3" | bc
#.66
$ .66
# Exponent operator # Exponent operator
echo "10^2" | bc echo "10^2" | bc
#100 $ 100
# Using variables # Using variables
echo "var=5;--var"| bc echo "var=5;--var"| bc
#4 $ 4
``` ```
@ -318,14 +321,17 @@ grep -c "^$"
##### Grep and return only integer ##### Grep and return only integer
```bash ```bash
grep -o '[0-9]*' grep -o '[0-9]*'
#or #or
grep -oP '\d*' grep -oP '\d*'
``` ```
##### Grep integer with certain number of digits (e.g. 3) ##### Grep integer with certain number of digits (e.g. 3)
```bash ```bash
grep '[0-9]\{3\}' grep '[0-9]\{3\}'
# or # or
grep -E '[0-9]{3}' grep -E '[0-9]{3}'
# or # or
grep -P '\d{3}' grep -P '\d{3}'
``` ```
@ -333,6 +339,7 @@ grep -P '\d{3}'
##### Grep only IP address ##### Grep only IP address
```bash ```bash
grep -Eo '[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}' grep -Eo '[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}'
# or # or
grep -Po '\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}' grep -Po '\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}'
``` ```
@ -344,6 +351,7 @@ grep -w 'target'
#or using RE #or using RE
grep '\btarget\b' grep '\btarget\b'
``` ```
##### Grep returning lines before and after match (e.g. 'bbo') ##### Grep returning lines before and after match (e.g. 'bbo')
```bash ```bash
# return also 3 lines after match # return also 3 lines after match
@ -976,7 +984,7 @@ cat grep_list |xargs -I{} grep {} filename
##### Xargs and sed (replace all old ip address with new ip address under /etc directory) ##### Xargs and sed (replace all old ip address with new ip address under /etc directory)
```bash ```bash
grep -rl '192.168.1.111' /etc | xargs sed -i 's/192.168.1.111/192.168.2.111/g' grep -rl '192.0.2.1' /etc | xargs sed -i 's/192.0.2.1/192.0.2.2/g'
``` ```
@ -1249,7 +1257,7 @@ emacs -nw --eval '(org-mode)' --insert <(curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/
##### Download all from a page ##### Download all from a page
```bash ```bash
wget -r -l1 -H -t1 -nd -N -np -A mp3 -e robots=off http://example.com wget -r -l1 -H -t1 -nd -N -np -A mp3 -e robots=off http://example.net
# -r: recursive and download all links on page # -r: recursive and download all links on page
# -l1: only one level link # -l1: only one level link
@ -1259,7 +1267,7 @@ wget -r -l1 -H -t1 -nd -N -np -A mp3 -e robots=off http://example.com
# -N: turn on timestamp # -N: turn on timestamp
# -nd: no parent # -nd: no parent
# -A: type (separate by ,) # -A: type (separate by ,)
# -e robots=off: ignore the robots.txt file which stop wget from crashing the site, sorry example.com # -e robots=off: ignore the robots.txt file which stop wget from crashing the site, sorry example.net
``` ```
##### Upload a file to web and download (https://transfer.sh/) ##### Upload a file to web and download (https://transfer.sh/)
@ -1275,7 +1283,7 @@ curl https://transfer.sh/tG8rM/filename.txt -o filename.txt
##### Download file if necessary ##### Download file if necessary
```bash ```bash
data=file.txt data=file.txt
url=http://www.example.com/$data url=http://www.example.net/$data
if [ ! -s $data ];then if [ ! -s $data ];then
echo "downloading test data..." echo "downloading test data..."
wget $url wget $url
@ -1284,12 +1292,12 @@ fi
##### Wget to a filename (when a long name) ##### Wget to a filename (when a long name)
```bash ```bash
wget -O filename "http://example.com" wget -O filename "http://example.net"
``` ```
##### Wget files to a folder ##### Wget files to a folder
```bash ```bash
wget -P /path/to/directory "http://example.com" wget -P /path/to/directory "http://example.net"
``` ```
##### Instruct curl to follow any redirect until it reaches the final destination: ##### Instruct curl to follow any redirect until it reaches the final destination:
@ -2444,23 +2452,23 @@ ipmitool -I bmc lan set 1 defgw ipaddr 192.168.0.1
##### Resolve a domain to IP address(es) ##### Resolve a domain to IP address(es)
```bash ```bash
dig +short www.example.com dig +short www.example.net
# or # or
host www.example.com host www.example.net
``` ```
##### Get DNS TXT record a of domain ##### Get DNS TXT record a of domain
```bash ```bash
dig -t txt www.example.com dig -t txt www.example.net
# or # or
host -t txt www.example.com host -t txt www.example.net
``` ```
##### Send a ping with a limited TTL to 10 (TTL: Time-To-Live, which is the maximum number of hops that a packet can travel across the Internet before it gets discarded.) ##### Send a ping with a limited TTL to 10 (TTL: Time-To-Live, which is the maximum number of hops that a packet can travel across the Internet before it gets discarded.)
```bash ```bash
ping 8.8.8.8 -t 10 ping 192.0.2.1 -t 10
``` ```
##### Print the route packets trace to network host ##### Print the route packets trace to network host
@ -2527,7 +2535,7 @@ whois example.net
##### Show the SSL certificate of a domain ##### Show the SSL certificate of a domain
```bash ```bash
openssl s_client -showcerts -connect www.example.com:443 openssl s_client -showcerts -connect www.example.net:443
``` ```
##### Display IP address ##### Display IP address
@ -2577,7 +2585,7 @@ hostnamectl set-hostname "mynode"
##### Find out the web server (e.g Nginx or Apache) of a website ##### Find out the web server (e.g Nginx or Apache) of a website
```bash ```bash
curl -I http://example.com/ curl -I http://example.net/
# HTTP/1.1 200 OK # HTTP/1.1 200 OK
# Server: nginx # Server: nginx
# Date: Thu, 02 Jan 2020 07:01:07 GMT # Date: Thu, 02 Jan 2020 07:01:07 GMT